"In Switzerland, 500 years of democracy and peace. And what does it produce? The cuckoo clock." Graham Greene, The Third Man.

mercoledì 10 dicembre 2014

Putin and Crimea after the referendum

Vladimir Putin addressed State Duma deputies, Federation Council members, heads of Russian regions and civil society representatives in the Kremlin. PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA VLADIMIR PUTIN: Federation Council members, State Duma deputies, good afternoon.  Representatives of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol are here among us, citizens of Russia, residents of Crimea and Sevastopol.
Dear friends, we have gathered here today in connection with an issue that is of vital, historic significance to all of us. A referendum was held in Crimea on March 16 in full compliance with democratic procedures and international norms. HERE PUTIN IMMEDIATELY BEGINS MAKING REFERENCE TO THEMES SUCH AS HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. IN FACT, MOST PART OF HIS SPEECH WILL FOCUS ON THESE AREAS.
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Everything in Crimea speaks of our shared history and pride. This is the location of ancient Khersones, where Prince Vladimir was baptised. His spiritual feat of adopting Orthodoxy predetermined the overall basis of the culture, civilisation and human values that unite the peoples of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. The graves of Russian soldiers whose bravery brought Crimea into the Russian empire are also in Crimea. This is also Sevastopol – a legendary city with an outstanding history, a fortress that serves as the birthplace of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet. Crimea is Balaklava and Kerch, Malakhov Kurgan and Sapun Ridge. Each one of these places is dear to our hearts, symbolising Russian military glory and outstanding valour.
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Colleagues,
In people’s hearts and minds, Crimea has always been an inseparable part of Russia. This firm conviction is based on truth and justice and was passed from generation to generation, over time, under any circumstances, despite all the dramatic changes our country went through during the entire 20th century. PRESIDENT PUTIN TRIES TO APPEAL TO THE COMMON PAST OF ENTIRE RUSSIAN GENERATIONS AND SHOWS HOW CRIMEA HAS ALWAYS BEEN IN THE HEART OF RUSSIA, STIMULATING AN EMOTIONAL FEEDBACK IN HIS PUBLIC.
After the revolution, the Bolsheviks, for a number of reasons – may God judge them – added large sections of the historical South of Russia to the Republic of Ukraine. This was done with no consideration for the ethnic make-up of the population, and today these areas form the southeast of Ukraine. Then, in 1954, a decision was made to transfer Crimean Region to Ukraine, along with Sevastopol, despite the fact that it was a federal city. This was the personal initiative of the Communist Party head Nikita Khrushchev. What stood behind this decision of his – a desire to win the support of the Ukrainian political establishment or to atone for the mass repressions of the 1930’s in Ukraine – is for historians to figure out. PUTIN WANTS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE TRANSFER OF CRIMEA WAS A HISTORIC ACT THAT VIOLATED THE NORMS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND RUSSIA IS JUST HELPING THIS REGION TO GO BACK TO THE RUSSIAN STATE. THEREFORE, HIS GOAL IS TO SHOW THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY THAT HE IS WORKING TO RESTORE THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER VIOLATED DECADES AGO.
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Time and time again attempts were made to deprive Russians of their historical memory, even of their language and to subject them to forced assimilation. Moreover, Russians, just as other citizens of Ukraine are suffering from the constant political and state crisis that has been rocking the country for over 20 years.....The new so-called authorities began by introducing a draft law to revise the language policy, which was a direct infringement on the rights of ethnic minorities. However, they were immediately ‘disciplined’ by the foreign sponsors of these so-called politicians....There is no legitimate executive authority in Ukraine now, nobody to talk to. THE KREMLIN LEADER REFERS TO THE RUSSIAN MINORITY IN UKRAINE AND STANDS AS THEIR DEFENDER FROM THE OLD AND THE NEW POLICY OF THE UKRAINIAN AUTHORITIES. IN PARTICULAR, HE TRIES TO BELITTLE THE POLITICIANS OF THE "NEW UKRAINE" CLAIMING THAT THEY ARE MOVED BY THEIR WESTERN SPONSORS.
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The residents of Crimea and Sevastopol turned to Russia for help in defending their rights and lives, in preventing the events that were unfolding and are still underway in Kiev, Donetsk, Kharkov and other Ukrainian cities....We could not abandon Crimea and its residents in distress. This would have been betrayal on our part. PUTIN WANTS TO PROVE AGAIN THAT WHAT RUSSIA IS DOING IS A DUTY TO THE RUSSIANS THAT LIVE IN UKRAINE.
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However, what do we hear from our colleagues in Western Europe and North America? They say we are violating norms of international law.  Firstly, it’s a good thing that they at least remember that there exists such a thing as international law – better late than never...Secondly, and most importantly – what exactly are we violating? THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENT REITERATED THAT RUSSIA IS NOT VIOLATING INTERNATIONAL LAW, BUT THE WESTERN STATES. SO HE WANTS TO PROVE THAT HE IS ACTING IN FULL INTERNATIONAL LEGALITY.
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As it declared independence and decided to hold a referendum, the Supreme Council of Crimea referred to the United Nations Charter, which speaks of the right of nations to self-determination. Incidentally, I would like to remind you that when Ukraine seceded from the USSR it did exactly the same thing, almost word for word. Ukraine used this right, yet the residents of Crimea are denied it.  Why is that?...Moreover, the Crimean authorities referred to the well-known Kosovo precedent – a precedent our western colleagues created with their own hands in a very similar situation, when they agreed that the unilateral separation of Kosovo from Serbia, exactly what Crimea is doing now. PUTIN REAFFIRMS THAT THE SECESSION OF THE CRIMEA WAS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, AS HAPPENED IN THE CASE OF KOSOVO, WHEN INDEPENDENCE WAS SUPPORTED BY THE WEST. HE STANDS AGAIN AS THE CHAMPION OF INTERNATIONAL LEGALITY.
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Like a mirror, the situation in Ukraine reflects what is going on and what has been happening in the world over the past several decades. After the dissolution of bipolarity on the planet, we no longer have stability. Key international institutions are not getting any stronger; on the contrary, in many cases, they are sadly degrading. Our western partners, led by the United States of America, prefer not to be guided by international law in their practical policies, but by the rule of the gun. IN THIS PART OF THE SPEECH, PUTIN CRITICIZES WESTERN STATES TO PURSUE WAR POLICIES, WHILE RUSSIA IS PURSUING A POLICY OF INTERNATIONAL LEGALITY. IN DOING SO, HE TRIES TO PROVOKE A STRONG REACTION TO HIS WORDS.
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Now this is a matter for Russia’s own political decision, and any decision here can be based only on the people’s will, because the people is the ultimate source of all authority. THE RUSSIAN LEADER WANTS TO SHOW HOW ALL HIS POWERS DERIVE FROM THE PEOPLE AND THAT HIS DECISION IS TAKEN FOR THE GOOD OF THE PEOPLE.
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Members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma, citizens of Russia, residents of Crimea and Sevastopol, today, in accordance with the people’s will, I submit to the Federal Assembly a request to consider a Constitutional Law on the creation of two new constituent entities within the Russian Federation: the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, and to ratify the treaty on admitting to the Russian Federation Crimea and Sevastopol, which is already ready for signing. I stand assured of your support.

March 18, 2014, The Kremlin, Moscow 

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